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排序方式: 共有144条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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We study the environmental regulation of industrial activities that are organized as projects. Applications arise in construction, ship and aircraft building, and film making, among other industries. Relative to manufacturing, environmental regulation is different in project‐based industries, due to the uniqueness and geographical diversity of projects, and a lack of product takeback programs. Because the amount of waste and pollution generated by project companies can be large, regulators need environmental policies to ensure reduction of waste and pollution. We consider a regulator who attempts to maximize social welfare. We model this problem as a bilevel nonlinear program. The upper level regulator specifies waste reduction targets, which the lower level project companies meet using waste stream reduction and remediation of pollution, while attempting to control their project costs. We find that high waste diversion targets lead to outcomes with little pollution, but excessive project costs and only modest waste stream reduction. Projects that have lower task precedence density, or that have pollutants with different environmental impacts, show larger increases in project cost and time resulting from regulation. We describe a subsidy for waste stream reduction that coordinates the system, and we estimate the value of coordination. We also describe a bonus that encourages truthful reporting by project companies, and evaluate the relative cost and effectiveness of the subsidy and the bonus. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 228–247, 2015 相似文献
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Stephen I. Schwartz 《The Nonproliferation Review》2013,20(1):3-5
ABSTRACTNarratives about Brazil's nuclear program are distorted by supporters and critics alike. In Brazil, the national nuclear infrastructure is undergoing a period of expansion, with plans to build new nuclear power plants and industrial-scale fuel production facilities. While Brazil's leaders herald the nuclear sector as a triumph for indigenous science and technology, foreigners view the nuclear program as a dangerous legacy of the military regime. This discrepancy becomes even more apparent in discussions about the ongoing construction of Brazil's first nuclear powered submarine. Brazil's military touts the submarine as a symbol of political status, economic growth, and military might. But from abroad, the military's involvement in nuclear development is considered unnecessary, worrisome, and even irresponsible. These narratives—often incomplete or selective—have polarized discussions about Brazil's nuclear submarine program and caused considerable political antagonism during safeguards negotiations. This article works to dispel myths, highlight legitimate concerns, and explain historical perspectives that shed light on some difficulties that can be anticipated in future negotiations. 相似文献
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杨秋田 《中国人民武装警察部队学院学报》2005,21(5):89-91
创建安装程序是一件很简单的事,Vs.net提供了创建安装程序的向导,开发人员能够轻松地创建一个便于用户使用的安装程序。而按向导创建的安装程序没有为用户提供相应的卸载程序或快捷方式,为用户带来许多不便。以示例的形式详细介绍如何在Vs.net集成环境下创建带卸载的安装程序。 相似文献
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里程碑节点审查是美军装备采办过程中的核心控制手段。选取美军在该领域应用的最具代表性的项目成功可能性评审方法(Probability of Program Success,POPS)和项目支持评审方法(Program Support Review,PSR),围绕任务目标归纳出方法的主要思路,从程序步骤、评审内容框架等方面深入探究方法的特点,并从应用条件、使用范围、优点和局限性等方面进行对比分析,最后提出启示建议,为优化我军节点审查方法、提升装备采购过程管控能力提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
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D运输问题是含离散目标约束的目标规划问题.首先将此多目标问题转化为单一目标问题,使之简化为传统的运输问题,然后使用一种相对简单的方法求解.最后结合一个实例,讨论了D运输问题在物资调度中的应用. 相似文献
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针对战场快速物资运输的指挥控制问题,提出一种基于线性规划的方法。根据供求双方物质的供应和需求总量、地理空间上的位置以及运输工具的运载能力等信息,制订一个满足供求双方物资总运载量,并以运送所有物资耗费时间为最小的优化目标,改进了传统运输问题模型。仿真分析表明,该方法为实现战场物资快速运输的指挥控制提供了有价值的参考。 相似文献